Directions (1-5): In each of the following sentences, parts of the sentence are left blank. Beneath each sentence, five different ways of completing the sentence are indicated. Choose the best alternative from among the five options.
Q1. Cars __________ to accommodate wheelchair users are vital to disabled people to get out and about and enjoy __________ lives.
(a) designed, their
(b) modified, healthy
(c) adapted, active
(d) modified, itinerant
(e) adopted, itinerant
Q2. Some __________ defending, especially in the second half of the game allowed the opposition to __________ and the defending champions lost the game.
(a) slack, score
(b) superb, lose
(c) robust, win
(d) superb, score
(e) slack, lose
Q3. Print, paper, and newspapers enabled the rise of new types of __________ based on expanded popular participation.
(a) class conflicts
(b) cultural forms
(c) social norms
(d) political systems
(e) ethical dilemmas
Q4. Businesses attempt to __________ the conflicts of interest between groups to ensure __________ operation of the organization.
(a) compromise, profitable
(b) reconcile, efficient
(c) reconcile, commercial
(d) stimulate, efficient
(e) encourage, professional
Q5. One in three people on our planet have no __________ to modern energy to light and heat the __________ in which they live.
(a) resource, homes
(b) right, houses
(c) contact, nations
(d) access, dwellings
(e) source, countries
Directions (6-15): The following questions are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answer the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage.
Q6. People with plenty of a B-vitamin in their blood appear to be at a reduced risk of lung cancer, even if they smoke, a European study suggests. High levels of Vitamin B6 and the amino acid methionine cut the risk by half, a study of 400,000 people suggested. These occur naturally in nuts, fish and meat or can be taken as supplements.
Findings of the above study may still be premature if which of the following possibilities true?
(a) Many of the 400,000 people studied might have quit smoking and used vitamin supplements in order to avoid cancer.
(b) A healthy diet in itself might reduce the risk of cancer, and lead to higher Vitamin B and methionine levels.
(c) The study might not have ascertained how many of the 4,00,000 people smoked, and how many did not.
(d) Higher vitamin levels could simply reflect healthier lifestyles.
(e) None of the above
Q7. The genetics underpinning a smoker’s risk of developing lung cancer have been further unpicked by UK scientists. In one area of DNA, on chromosome 15, they pinpointed two independent sites that have a role in whether or not a smoker develops lung cancer. Current or former smokers who carry one copy of each of these genetic variants increase their risk of lung cancer by 28%. That increases to 80% in smokers who carry two copies.
Which of the following has to be true if the risks cited above are to be true?
(a) Apart from chromosome 15, chromosomes 5 and 6 were also linked to lung cancer
(b) Those who had the genetic variants in chromosome 15, and were smokers developed different type of cancer.
(c) Those who had the genetic changes but did not smoke had no increased risk of cancer.
(d) Those who had quit smoking did not show an increased risk of lung cancer.
(e) Those who did not carry the genetic variants in chromosome 15 did not develop cancer.
Q8. Drinking several cups of tea or coffee a day appears to protect against heart disease, a 13-year-long study from the Netherlands has found. It adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting health benefits from the most popular hot drinks. Those who drank more than six cups of tea a day cut their risk of heart disease by a third, the study of 40,000 people found. Consuming between two to four coffees a day was also linked to a reduced risk.
Which of the following, if true, best strengthens the argument that tea and coffee protect against heart disease?
(a) Tea and coffee were found to decrease the risk of heart disease in smokers.
(b) Majority of the deaths attributed to heart disease were found to be of coffee and tea drinkers.
(c) Abstainers, who had a healthy life style, were found to have far lower risk of heart disease than tea and coffee drinkers.
(d) Abstainers were more likely to die of heart disease than those who drank more than six cups of tea and two to four coffees a day.
(e) Those who drank more than six cups of tea and two to four coffees a day ran the same risk of heart disease as were abstainers.
Q9. A green tea extract may help patients with a form of leukemia, a study says. The tea, discovered in China nearly 5,000 years ago, has long been thought to have health benefits. But the team from the Mayo Clinic in the United States found it appeared to improve the condition of four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Experts said the Leukemia Research journal study was interesting but more research was needed. CLL is a blood and bone marrow cancer which affects white blood cells and is the commonest type of leukemia with over 3,000 new cases—mainly in the over 60s—diagnosed each year in the UK. There is no known cure for CLL.
The experts’ further research should be in the direction of ……
(a) Whether chemotherapy that is the only treatment administered for CLL can be replaced with green tea extract.
(b) To prove the findings on a larger scale and whether there were any side effects.
(c) Carrying out a large scale, controlled trial to see if the findings hold true.
(d) Whether green tea extract can be beneficial in treating other diseases like heart disease, HIV, cancer, and arthritis.
(e) To ascertain why Chinese had used green tea for 5,000 years.
Q10. British Petroleum is going to great lengths to salvage its image—buying every possible term in the vicinity of “oil spill” from search engine providers and spending millions on advertising to bolster its image after the crisis of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. But the green consumer is not buying. As environmental concerns mount, the green consumer wants companies to be more responsible. According to The Green Brands study, conducted by WPP companies, Cohn & Wolfe, Landor Associates and Penn, Schoen & Berland, although economic concerns strongly prevail in most countries, consumer worry for the environment is intensifying.
Which of the following can be inferred from the above passage?
(a) There is a fundamental shift in consumer behaviour towards green products.
(b) A company that associates with an environment protection organization is likely to succeed.
(c) A company that introduces a green product in the market place is likely to succeed.
(d) Consumers are becoming more concerned about the environment than the economy.
(e) Not only must companies have their green credentials straight but the way ahead is through innovation.
Q11. President Barack Obama remains popular in most parts of the world, although his job approval rating in the United States has declined sharply since he first took office.
Which of the following helps explain the above seeming paradox?
(a) Barack Obama’s performance as a president has made him unpopular in the United States.
(b) Barack Obama’s foreign policy has been widely criticized in the United States.
(c) Barack Obama’s domestic policies in dealing with the internal recession have been widely acclaimed by people in most parts of the world.
(d) Barack Obama’s popularity outside the United States is largely affected by his negative image in the Muslim countries.
(e) Barack Obama’s foreign policy is perceived to be far better than his domestic policy.
Q12. The year 2010 is turning out to be the warmest ever in recorded history, with the first four months reporting an average temperature of 13.3 degrees Celsius which is 0.69 degrees above the 20th century average. The combined global land and ocean surface temperatures for the period between January and April were the warmest on record, and April was the warmest individual month ever with 14.5 degrees Celsius, America’s climate agency has said in its latest report.
Which of the following must be true if the above has to be true?
(a) The 20th century average for ocean surface temperature is 16.4 and the average for global land temperature is 8.82 degrees Celsius.
(b) The combined April global land and ocean average surface temperature was 13.5 degrees Celsius.
(c) The 20th century average for ocean surface temperature is 16 and the average for global land temperature is 8 degrees Celsius.
(d) The combined April global land and ocean average surface temperature was 1.2 degrees above the 20th century average for April.
(e) The global land temperature for January-April at 13.3°C is 1.80 degrees Fahrenheit above the 20th century average.
Q13. Fertility clinics in India are booming. The services on offer have been referred to as the country’s “rent-a-womb” industry. The number of foreigners going to India for fertility treatments, especially surrogacy, has dramatically increased in recent years. At present there are no laws governing industry practices and while a new bill has been presented to the government, there are growing fears about the commercialization of surrogacy in India.
Which of the following is the most likely fallout of the above?
(a) Laws governing the “surrogacy industry” in India will be made stricter.
(b) “Surrogacy industry” in India is likely to be greatly commercialized.
(c) India’s “surrogacy industry” faces regulation.
(d) The India government is likely to close down the “rent-a-womb” industry.
(e) Foreigners are likely to visit other developing nations for fertility treatments and surrogacy.
Q14. With more than a billion mouths to feed, there is a fierce debate in India about whether to introduce genetically modified food crops. Scientists say they are crucial to tackling food shortages, but farmers and others are divided over the benefits. Doubts have been raised by the experience of growing genetically modified cotton in India, which has been blamed by activists for the suicides of thousands of farmers in the poorest parts of the country.
The details above raise to which of the following questions?
(a) Will the India government be able to feed the more than one billion mouths?
(b) Can the uneducated Indian farmer understand the genetically modified food crops?
(c) Will genetically modified food crops go follow the fate of genetically modified cotton?
(d) Can genetically modified food crops be the answer to farmer suicides n India?
(e) Are genetically modified food crops the answer to India’s food shortages?
Q15. A new research looking back to the Miocene period, which began a little over 20 million years ago found that at the start of the period, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere stood at about 400 parts per million (ppm) with sea levels 25-40 m (80-130 ft) higher than today, before beginning to decline about 14 million years ago—a trend that eventually led to formation of the Antarctic icecap and perennial sea ice cover in the Arctic. In the intervening millennia, CO_2 concentrations have been much lower; in the last few million years they cycled between 180 ppm and 280 ppm in rhythm with the sequence of ice ages and warmer interglacial periods. Therefore, the current political targets on climate may be “playing with fire.”
Which of the following makes the current political targets on climate “playing with fire”?
(a) Humanity’s emissions of greenhouse gases are pushing towards the 400 ppm, which will likely be reached within a decade.
(b) The CO^2 level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system currently receiving a lot of political support is 450 ppm.
(c) Humanity does not know where the critical CO_2 or temperature threshold is beyond which ice sheet of the poles collapse becomes inevitable.
(d) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) work on ancient climates for the organization’s report in 2007, provides an accurate look at how past CO_2 values relate to climate.
(e) Efforts to stabilize at 450 ppm should avoid going up above that level. Any “overshoot” above 450 ppm could be playing with fire.
Solutions
1.C
2.A
3.D
4.B
5.D
6.B
7.C
8.D
9.B
10.D
11.E
12.A
13.C
14.E
15.B
Q1. Cars __________ to accommodate wheelchair users are vital to disabled people to get out and about and enjoy __________ lives.
(a) designed, their
(b) modified, healthy
(c) adapted, active
(d) modified, itinerant
(e) adopted, itinerant
Q2. Some __________ defending, especially in the second half of the game allowed the opposition to __________ and the defending champions lost the game.
(a) slack, score
(b) superb, lose
(c) robust, win
(d) superb, score
(e) slack, lose
Q3. Print, paper, and newspapers enabled the rise of new types of __________ based on expanded popular participation.
(a) class conflicts
(b) cultural forms
(c) social norms
(d) political systems
(e) ethical dilemmas
Q4. Businesses attempt to __________ the conflicts of interest between groups to ensure __________ operation of the organization.
(a) compromise, profitable
(b) reconcile, efficient
(c) reconcile, commercial
(d) stimulate, efficient
(e) encourage, professional
Q5. One in three people on our planet have no __________ to modern energy to light and heat the __________ in which they live.
(a) resource, homes
(b) right, houses
(c) contact, nations
(d) access, dwellings
(e) source, countries
Directions (6-15): The following questions are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answer the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage.
Q6. People with plenty of a B-vitamin in their blood appear to be at a reduced risk of lung cancer, even if they smoke, a European study suggests. High levels of Vitamin B6 and the amino acid methionine cut the risk by half, a study of 400,000 people suggested. These occur naturally in nuts, fish and meat or can be taken as supplements.
Findings of the above study may still be premature if which of the following possibilities true?
(a) Many of the 400,000 people studied might have quit smoking and used vitamin supplements in order to avoid cancer.
(b) A healthy diet in itself might reduce the risk of cancer, and lead to higher Vitamin B and methionine levels.
(c) The study might not have ascertained how many of the 4,00,000 people smoked, and how many did not.
(d) Higher vitamin levels could simply reflect healthier lifestyles.
(e) None of the above
Q7. The genetics underpinning a smoker’s risk of developing lung cancer have been further unpicked by UK scientists. In one area of DNA, on chromosome 15, they pinpointed two independent sites that have a role in whether or not a smoker develops lung cancer. Current or former smokers who carry one copy of each of these genetic variants increase their risk of lung cancer by 28%. That increases to 80% in smokers who carry two copies.
Which of the following has to be true if the risks cited above are to be true?
(a) Apart from chromosome 15, chromosomes 5 and 6 were also linked to lung cancer
(b) Those who had the genetic variants in chromosome 15, and were smokers developed different type of cancer.
(c) Those who had the genetic changes but did not smoke had no increased risk of cancer.
(d) Those who had quit smoking did not show an increased risk of lung cancer.
(e) Those who did not carry the genetic variants in chromosome 15 did not develop cancer.
Q8. Drinking several cups of tea or coffee a day appears to protect against heart disease, a 13-year-long study from the Netherlands has found. It adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting health benefits from the most popular hot drinks. Those who drank more than six cups of tea a day cut their risk of heart disease by a third, the study of 40,000 people found. Consuming between two to four coffees a day was also linked to a reduced risk.
Which of the following, if true, best strengthens the argument that tea and coffee protect against heart disease?
(a) Tea and coffee were found to decrease the risk of heart disease in smokers.
(b) Majority of the deaths attributed to heart disease were found to be of coffee and tea drinkers.
(c) Abstainers, who had a healthy life style, were found to have far lower risk of heart disease than tea and coffee drinkers.
(d) Abstainers were more likely to die of heart disease than those who drank more than six cups of tea and two to four coffees a day.
(e) Those who drank more than six cups of tea and two to four coffees a day ran the same risk of heart disease as were abstainers.
Q9. A green tea extract may help patients with a form of leukemia, a study says. The tea, discovered in China nearly 5,000 years ago, has long been thought to have health benefits. But the team from the Mayo Clinic in the United States found it appeared to improve the condition of four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Experts said the Leukemia Research journal study was interesting but more research was needed. CLL is a blood and bone marrow cancer which affects white blood cells and is the commonest type of leukemia with over 3,000 new cases—mainly in the over 60s—diagnosed each year in the UK. There is no known cure for CLL.
The experts’ further research should be in the direction of ……
(a) Whether chemotherapy that is the only treatment administered for CLL can be replaced with green tea extract.
(b) To prove the findings on a larger scale and whether there were any side effects.
(c) Carrying out a large scale, controlled trial to see if the findings hold true.
(d) Whether green tea extract can be beneficial in treating other diseases like heart disease, HIV, cancer, and arthritis.
(e) To ascertain why Chinese had used green tea for 5,000 years.
Q10. British Petroleum is going to great lengths to salvage its image—buying every possible term in the vicinity of “oil spill” from search engine providers and spending millions on advertising to bolster its image after the crisis of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. But the green consumer is not buying. As environmental concerns mount, the green consumer wants companies to be more responsible. According to The Green Brands study, conducted by WPP companies, Cohn & Wolfe, Landor Associates and Penn, Schoen & Berland, although economic concerns strongly prevail in most countries, consumer worry for the environment is intensifying.
Which of the following can be inferred from the above passage?
(a) There is a fundamental shift in consumer behaviour towards green products.
(b) A company that associates with an environment protection organization is likely to succeed.
(c) A company that introduces a green product in the market place is likely to succeed.
(d) Consumers are becoming more concerned about the environment than the economy.
(e) Not only must companies have their green credentials straight but the way ahead is through innovation.
Q11. President Barack Obama remains popular in most parts of the world, although his job approval rating in the United States has declined sharply since he first took office.
Which of the following helps explain the above seeming paradox?
(a) Barack Obama’s performance as a president has made him unpopular in the United States.
(b) Barack Obama’s foreign policy has been widely criticized in the United States.
(c) Barack Obama’s domestic policies in dealing with the internal recession have been widely acclaimed by people in most parts of the world.
(d) Barack Obama’s popularity outside the United States is largely affected by his negative image in the Muslim countries.
(e) Barack Obama’s foreign policy is perceived to be far better than his domestic policy.
Q12. The year 2010 is turning out to be the warmest ever in recorded history, with the first four months reporting an average temperature of 13.3 degrees Celsius which is 0.69 degrees above the 20th century average. The combined global land and ocean surface temperatures for the period between January and April were the warmest on record, and April was the warmest individual month ever with 14.5 degrees Celsius, America’s climate agency has said in its latest report.
Which of the following must be true if the above has to be true?
(a) The 20th century average for ocean surface temperature is 16.4 and the average for global land temperature is 8.82 degrees Celsius.
(b) The combined April global land and ocean average surface temperature was 13.5 degrees Celsius.
(c) The 20th century average for ocean surface temperature is 16 and the average for global land temperature is 8 degrees Celsius.
(d) The combined April global land and ocean average surface temperature was 1.2 degrees above the 20th century average for April.
(e) The global land temperature for January-April at 13.3°C is 1.80 degrees Fahrenheit above the 20th century average.
Q13. Fertility clinics in India are booming. The services on offer have been referred to as the country’s “rent-a-womb” industry. The number of foreigners going to India for fertility treatments, especially surrogacy, has dramatically increased in recent years. At present there are no laws governing industry practices and while a new bill has been presented to the government, there are growing fears about the commercialization of surrogacy in India.
Which of the following is the most likely fallout of the above?
(a) Laws governing the “surrogacy industry” in India will be made stricter.
(b) “Surrogacy industry” in India is likely to be greatly commercialized.
(c) India’s “surrogacy industry” faces regulation.
(d) The India government is likely to close down the “rent-a-womb” industry.
(e) Foreigners are likely to visit other developing nations for fertility treatments and surrogacy.
Q14. With more than a billion mouths to feed, there is a fierce debate in India about whether to introduce genetically modified food crops. Scientists say they are crucial to tackling food shortages, but farmers and others are divided over the benefits. Doubts have been raised by the experience of growing genetically modified cotton in India, which has been blamed by activists for the suicides of thousands of farmers in the poorest parts of the country.
The details above raise to which of the following questions?
(a) Will the India government be able to feed the more than one billion mouths?
(b) Can the uneducated Indian farmer understand the genetically modified food crops?
(c) Will genetically modified food crops go follow the fate of genetically modified cotton?
(d) Can genetically modified food crops be the answer to farmer suicides n India?
(e) Are genetically modified food crops the answer to India’s food shortages?
Q15. A new research looking back to the Miocene period, which began a little over 20 million years ago found that at the start of the period, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere stood at about 400 parts per million (ppm) with sea levels 25-40 m (80-130 ft) higher than today, before beginning to decline about 14 million years ago—a trend that eventually led to formation of the Antarctic icecap and perennial sea ice cover in the Arctic. In the intervening millennia, CO_2 concentrations have been much lower; in the last few million years they cycled between 180 ppm and 280 ppm in rhythm with the sequence of ice ages and warmer interglacial periods. Therefore, the current political targets on climate may be “playing with fire.”
Which of the following makes the current political targets on climate “playing with fire”?
(a) Humanity’s emissions of greenhouse gases are pushing towards the 400 ppm, which will likely be reached within a decade.
(b) The CO^2 level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system currently receiving a lot of political support is 450 ppm.
(c) Humanity does not know where the critical CO_2 or temperature threshold is beyond which ice sheet of the poles collapse becomes inevitable.
(d) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) work on ancient climates for the organization’s report in 2007, provides an accurate look at how past CO_2 values relate to climate.
(e) Efforts to stabilize at 450 ppm should avoid going up above that level. Any “overshoot” above 450 ppm could be playing with fire.
Solutions
1.C
2.A
3.D
4.B
5.D
6.B
7.C
8.D
9.B
10.D
11.E
12.A
13.C
14.E
15.B
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