Directions (1-5): Rearrange the following seven sentences A, B, C, D, E, F, and G in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them.
VI. A. To elaborate briefly on these characteristics and dimensions that the author is talking about -NRMs are general tests intended to be used to classify students by percentile for measuring either or proficiency for admissions into or placement within a program.
B. Contrastingly, the CRM, such as; a locally produced achievement test, measures absolute performance that is compared only to the learning objective, hence a perfect score is theoretically obtainable by all students who have a mastery of the pre-specified material or conversely, all students may fail the test.
C. In most of these books, the authors classify a measurement strategy as either norm-referenced (NRM) or criterion-referenced (CRM).
D. Another author points out how the type of interpretation that an NRM offers is the relative performance of the students compared with that of all the others resulting in, ideally, a bell curves distribution.
E. Numerous books on constructing and using language tests have been written by various authors.
F. CRMs, on the other hand, are more specific, achievement or diagnostic tests intended to be used for motivating students by measuring to what percent they have achieved mastery of the taught or learned the material.
G. One of the authors clearly delineates the differences of these two types by focusing on the categories of “test characteristics” and “logistical dimensions.”
Q1. Which of the following should be the first sentence after rearrangement?
(a) G
(b) C
(c) D
(d) D
(e) E
Q2. Which of the following should be the seventh (Last) sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
Q3. Which of the following should be the fifth sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) F
(e) E
Q4. Which of the following should be the second sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
Q5. Which of the following should be the third sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) G
(d) D
(e) E
Directions (6-15): Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions given below it.
Paragraph1: Organized retail has fuelled new growth categories-like liquid hand wash, breakfast cereals, and pet food in the consumer goods industry, accounting for almost 50% of their sales, said data from market search firm Nielsen. The figures showed some of these new categories got more than 40% of their business from modern retail outlets. The data also suggests how products in these categories reach the neighborhood Kirana stores after they have established themselves in modern trade.
Paragraph2: While grocers continue to be an important channel, for the new and evolving categories we saw an increased presence of high-end products in modern trade. e.g., premium products in laundry detergents, dishwashing, car air fresheners and surface care increased in availability through this format as these products are aimed at affluent consumers who are more likely to shop in supermarket/hyper market outlets and who are willing to pay more for specialized products.
Paragraph3: Some other categories that have grown exceptionally and now account for the bulk of the sales from modern retail are frozen and ready-to-eat foods, pet food, diapers, pre- and post-wash products, hair conditioners and high-end shaving products, besides others. “Win the evolution of modern trade, our growth in this channel has been healthy as it is for several other categories. Modern retail is an important part of our business” said managing director, Kellogg India.
Paragraph4: What modern retail offers to companies experimenting with new categories is the chance to educate customers which were not the case with a general trade store. “Category creation and market development start with the modern trade but as more consumers start consuming this category, they penetrate into other channels, said President, food & FMCG category, Future Group the country’s largest retailer which operates stores like Big Bazaar.
Paragraph5: But a point to note here is that modern retailers themselves push their own private brands in these very categories and can emerge as a big threat for the consumers' goods and foods companies. For instance, Big Bazaar’s private label Clean Mate is hugely popular and sells more than a brand like Harpic in its own stores. “So, there is a certain amount of conflict and competition that will play out over the next few years which the FMCG companies will have to watch out for”, said KPMG’s executive director (retail).
Paragraph6: In the past, there have instances of retailers boycotting products from big FMCG players on the issue of margins, but as modern retail becomes increasingly significant for pushing new categories, experts say we could see more partnerships being forged between retailers and FMCG companies. “Market development for new categories takes time so brand wars for leadership and consumer franchise will be fought on the modern retail platform. A new brand can overnight compete with established companies by typing up with few retailers in these categories”, President of Future Group added.
Q6. Which of the following is being referred to as new growth category?
(a) Soap cake
(b) Fresh fruits
(c) Fresh vegetables
(d) Liquid Handwash
(e) Usual groceries
Q7. Which of the following is being referred to as modern retail outlet?
(a) Kirana Store
(b) Online Store
(c) Door-to-door Selling
(d) Road-side Hawkers
(e) Supermarket
Q8. Which of the following best conveys the meaning of the phrase, “watch out for” as used in Paragraph 6?
(a) Demand justice
(b) Avoid conflict
(c) Be on the alert
(d) Passively accept
(e) Open for competition
Q9. Which of the following is being referred to as ‘certain amount of conflict’?
(a) Retailers selling their own products with products of companies
(b) Retailers selling similar products of different consumer companies
(c) Offering differential rate of margin for different products
(d) New products killing the old products
(e) Different retailers selling the same category of products
Q10. The new growth category products
(a) reach first the neighborhood Kirana shop and then the modern retail outlets
(b) account for less than 20% of sales in organized retail
(c) reach all the outlets almost at the same time
(d) first become popular in modern trade outlets before reaching Kirana shops
(e) are aimed at the poor section of the society
Q11. Which of the following is not true in the context of the passage?
(a) Clean Mate is a product of an organized retailer
(b) Some retailers don’t keep some products if the profit margin is not good
(c) A new brand can never quickly displace an established brand
(d) Kirana store still remains an important channel
(e) In future, there will be more partnerships between retailers and FMCG Companies
Q12. Which of the following categories has become very popular through sales from modern retail outlets?
(a) Frozen foods
(b) Computers
(c) Cell phones
(d) Fresh fruits
(e) Soft-drinks
Q13. Which class/section of people are more likely to shop in Hypermarket outlets?
(a) Senior citizens
(b) Younger generation
(c) Rich consumers
(d) Poor section
(e) Women
Q14. Which of the following advantages do modern retail outlets provide for new categories of products as compared to general trade stores?
(a) Higher profit margins
(b) Experimenting with new products
(c) Competition with similar products
(d) Better packing of the product
(e) Products at much lower price
Q15. “…………… penetrate into other Channels.” Which of the following is being referred to as Channels?
(a) Products
(b) Companies
(c) New products
(d) Existing products
(e) None of these
Solutions
1.E
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.C
6.D
7.E
8.C
9.A
10.D
11.C
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.E
VI. A. To elaborate briefly on these characteristics and dimensions that the author is talking about -NRMs are general tests intended to be used to classify students by percentile for measuring either or proficiency for admissions into or placement within a program.
B. Contrastingly, the CRM, such as; a locally produced achievement test, measures absolute performance that is compared only to the learning objective, hence a perfect score is theoretically obtainable by all students who have a mastery of the pre-specified material or conversely, all students may fail the test.
C. In most of these books, the authors classify a measurement strategy as either norm-referenced (NRM) or criterion-referenced (CRM).
D. Another author points out how the type of interpretation that an NRM offers is the relative performance of the students compared with that of all the others resulting in, ideally, a bell curves distribution.
E. Numerous books on constructing and using language tests have been written by various authors.
F. CRMs, on the other hand, are more specific, achievement or diagnostic tests intended to be used for motivating students by measuring to what percent they have achieved mastery of the taught or learned the material.
G. One of the authors clearly delineates the differences of these two types by focusing on the categories of “test characteristics” and “logistical dimensions.”
Q1. Which of the following should be the first sentence after rearrangement?
(a) G
(b) C
(c) D
(d) D
(e) E
Q2. Which of the following should be the seventh (Last) sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
Q3. Which of the following should be the fifth sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) F
(e) E
Q4. Which of the following should be the second sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
Q5. Which of the following should be the third sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) G
(d) D
(e) E
Directions (6-15): Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions given below it.
Paragraph1: Organized retail has fuelled new growth categories-like liquid hand wash, breakfast cereals, and pet food in the consumer goods industry, accounting for almost 50% of their sales, said data from market search firm Nielsen. The figures showed some of these new categories got more than 40% of their business from modern retail outlets. The data also suggests how products in these categories reach the neighborhood Kirana stores after they have established themselves in modern trade.
Paragraph2: While grocers continue to be an important channel, for the new and evolving categories we saw an increased presence of high-end products in modern trade. e.g., premium products in laundry detergents, dishwashing, car air fresheners and surface care increased in availability through this format as these products are aimed at affluent consumers who are more likely to shop in supermarket/hyper market outlets and who are willing to pay more for specialized products.
Paragraph3: Some other categories that have grown exceptionally and now account for the bulk of the sales from modern retail are frozen and ready-to-eat foods, pet food, diapers, pre- and post-wash products, hair conditioners and high-end shaving products, besides others. “Win the evolution of modern trade, our growth in this channel has been healthy as it is for several other categories. Modern retail is an important part of our business” said managing director, Kellogg India.
Paragraph4: What modern retail offers to companies experimenting with new categories is the chance to educate customers which were not the case with a general trade store. “Category creation and market development start with the modern trade but as more consumers start consuming this category, they penetrate into other channels, said President, food & FMCG category, Future Group the country’s largest retailer which operates stores like Big Bazaar.
Paragraph5: But a point to note here is that modern retailers themselves push their own private brands in these very categories and can emerge as a big threat for the consumers' goods and foods companies. For instance, Big Bazaar’s private label Clean Mate is hugely popular and sells more than a brand like Harpic in its own stores. “So, there is a certain amount of conflict and competition that will play out over the next few years which the FMCG companies will have to watch out for”, said KPMG’s executive director (retail).
Paragraph6: In the past, there have instances of retailers boycotting products from big FMCG players on the issue of margins, but as modern retail becomes increasingly significant for pushing new categories, experts say we could see more partnerships being forged between retailers and FMCG companies. “Market development for new categories takes time so brand wars for leadership and consumer franchise will be fought on the modern retail platform. A new brand can overnight compete with established companies by typing up with few retailers in these categories”, President of Future Group added.
Q6. Which of the following is being referred to as new growth category?
(a) Soap cake
(b) Fresh fruits
(c) Fresh vegetables
(d) Liquid Handwash
(e) Usual groceries
Q7. Which of the following is being referred to as modern retail outlet?
(a) Kirana Store
(b) Online Store
(c) Door-to-door Selling
(d) Road-side Hawkers
(e) Supermarket
Q8. Which of the following best conveys the meaning of the phrase, “watch out for” as used in Paragraph 6?
(a) Demand justice
(b) Avoid conflict
(c) Be on the alert
(d) Passively accept
(e) Open for competition
Q9. Which of the following is being referred to as ‘certain amount of conflict’?
(a) Retailers selling their own products with products of companies
(b) Retailers selling similar products of different consumer companies
(c) Offering differential rate of margin for different products
(d) New products killing the old products
(e) Different retailers selling the same category of products
Q10. The new growth category products
(a) reach first the neighborhood Kirana shop and then the modern retail outlets
(b) account for less than 20% of sales in organized retail
(c) reach all the outlets almost at the same time
(d) first become popular in modern trade outlets before reaching Kirana shops
(e) are aimed at the poor section of the society
Q11. Which of the following is not true in the context of the passage?
(a) Clean Mate is a product of an organized retailer
(b) Some retailers don’t keep some products if the profit margin is not good
(c) A new brand can never quickly displace an established brand
(d) Kirana store still remains an important channel
(e) In future, there will be more partnerships between retailers and FMCG Companies
Q12. Which of the following categories has become very popular through sales from modern retail outlets?
(a) Frozen foods
(b) Computers
(c) Cell phones
(d) Fresh fruits
(e) Soft-drinks
Q13. Which class/section of people are more likely to shop in Hypermarket outlets?
(a) Senior citizens
(b) Younger generation
(c) Rich consumers
(d) Poor section
(e) Women
Q14. Which of the following advantages do modern retail outlets provide for new categories of products as compared to general trade stores?
(a) Higher profit margins
(b) Experimenting with new products
(c) Competition with similar products
(d) Better packing of the product
(e) Products at much lower price
Q15. “…………… penetrate into other Channels.” Which of the following is being referred to as Channels?
(a) Products
(b) Companies
(c) New products
(d) Existing products
(e) None of these
Solutions
1.E
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.C
6.D
7.E
8.C
9.A
10.D
11.C
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.E
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