Jammu and Kashmir is a state in northern India, often denoted by the acronym J&K. It is located mostly in the Himalayan mountains, and shares borders with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south. Jammu and Kashmir has an international border with China in the north and east, and the Line of Control. The state has special autonomy under Article 370 of the Constitution of India.
The State of Jammu & Kashmir is situated in extreme north of India. It was founded on 26 October, 1947.
J&K touches International boundaries with:
· China in the north and east,
· Afghanistan in the north-west
· Pakistan in the west
It consists of three region:-
Summer Capital -> Shrinagar
Winter Capital -> Jammu
CM -> Mehbooba Mufti
Governor -> Narinder Nath Vohra
High Court-> Jammu and Kashmir High Court
[Srinagar Wing (Summer) and Jammu Wing (Winter)]
Chief Justice of High Court of J&K-> Sh. Justice N. Paul Vasanthakumar
Administrative Language -> Urdu
State day-> Accession day (26th Octuber)
Major Industries -> Handicrafts & Handlooms
Nicknames/Special titles of cities:
Jammu & Kashmir -> Heaven of India
City
|
Special Names
|
Srinagar
|
City of Rivers/lakes
|
Kashmir
|
Switzerland of India
|
Siachen
|
Highest and coldest battlefield in the world
|
Jammu
|
City of Temples
|
Folk Dance:
S. No.
|
Dance
|
1.
|
Rouf
|
2.
|
Bhand Panther
|
3.
|
Hafiza
|
4.
|
Bhand Jashan
|
5.
|
Bacha Nagmaa
|
6.
|
Dumhal
|
Speciality of J&K :
S. No.
|
Remarks
| |
1.
|
Kashmiri Saffron
|
There are only two or three places in the whole world where saffron grows. Kashmir has the proud privilege of being one of these places.
|
2.
|
Kashmiri Pashmina Shawls
|
Pashmina is known for its softness.
|
3.
|
Kashmiri carpets
|
Kashmiri carpets are world famous for two things - firstly, they are hand made and secondly, they are always knotted, never tufted.
|
4.
|
Silver Ware
|
one one of the ancient arts in Kashmir
|
5.
|
Silk
|
The weaves popularly known as 'chinon' and 'crepe de chine'
|
6.
|
Wood Work
|
Wood-carving is one of the most popular cottage industries of the Kashmir valley.
|
S. No.
|
Tribe’s name
|
Remarks
|
1.
|
Bakharwal
|
Known as “DHANGAR” in rest of India
|
2.
|
Gaddi
| |
3.
|
Gurjar or Gujjar
| |
4.
|
Sippi
|
Important Festivals:
S. No.
|
Festivals
|
1.
|
Baisakhi
|
2.
|
Lohri
|
3.
|
Eid-ul-Fitr
|
4.
|
Eid-ul-Azha
|
5.
|
Hemis
|
Important Rivers and Dams
RIVER
|
DAM
|
Purpose
|
Chenab
|
Baglihar, Dulhasti , Salal
|
Hydroelectric
|
Indus
|
Nimoo Bazgo
|
Hydroelectric
|
Satluj
| ||
Masurdar(tributary
of Chenab)
|
PakalDul
|
Hydroelectric
|
Jhelum
|
Uri-II
|
Hydroelectric
|
Important Lakes
S. No.
|
Lake
|
Remarks
|
Located in/near
|
1.
|
Dal Lake
|
“Jewel in the crown of Kashmir”
|
Srinagar
|
2.
|
Gadsar Lake
|
“Lake of flowers”
|
Sonamarg
|
3.
|
Krishnasar Lake
|
Sonamarg
| |
4.
|
Gangabal Lake
|
“Haramukh Ganga”
|
Sonamarg
|
5.
|
Nagin Lake
|
“Jewel In The Ring”
|
Srinagar
|
6.
|
Wular Lake
|
“Largest fresh water lake in Asia”
|
Srinagar
|
7.
|
Manasbal Lake
|
“Bird’s Paradise”
|
Srinagar
|
8.
|
Pangong Lake
|
Share international boundary with China
|
Leh
|
9.
|
Tso Kar Lake
|
“White or Salty lake”
|
Ladakh
|
10.
|
Sheshnag Lake
|
Pahalgam
|
Important National Parks, Bird and Wildlife Sanctuary:
National Park
|
Famous species
|
Place/near
|
Dachigam National Park
|
Hangul(Kashmiri Stag)
|
Srinagar
|
Salim Ali National Park
|
Srinagar
| |
Kazinag National Park
|
Markhor(Capra falconeri)
|
Srinagar
|
Kishtwar High Altitude National Park
|
Himalayan Snow Cock and brown bear
| |
City Forest National Park (CFO)
|
known as “Salim National Park”
|
Srinagar
|
Hemis National Park
|
it is believed to have the highest density of snow leopards of any protected area in the world
|
Ladakh
|
Glulmarg WLS
|
Musk Deer
|
Srinagar
|
Limber WLS
|
Baramulla
| |
Nandini WLS
|
Jammu
|
Important Mountains:
Mountains
|
Heights
|
Remarks
|
Place/near
|
Karakoram & Kyunlun ranges (k2)
|
8615 M
|
Second highest peak of the world.
|
these mountains lie to the north and north-east of the State
|
Nanga Parbat Range
|
8107 M
|
It is also known as “NAKED MOUNTAIN” or “DEO MIR” or “KILLER MOUNTAIN”
|
Gilgit
|
Soyamji (volcanic mountain)
|
1860M
|
North Machhipura (Handwara)
| |
Pir Panjal Range (part of greater Himalyan)
|
1400-4100M
|
J & K and Himachal Pradesh
| |
Amarnath (part of Himalyan)
|
5372 M
|
It is Called SHESHANG as its peak resemble the heads of seven big snakes.
|
Gander district of Kashmir
|
Harmukh (part of Himalyan)
|
5142 M
|
It is the abode of LORD SHIVA.
|
Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir
|
Shiwalik Range
|
1500 M
|
Shiwalik means “TREES OF SHIVA” and known as “MANAK PARBAT” in ancient time.
|
from the Indus and ends close to the Brahmaputra
|
Important Temples/Archaeological Monuments/Sites:
S. No.
|
Temples/Archaeological Monuments/Sites
|
Remarks
|
1.
|
Amarnath Temple
| |
2.
|
Vaishno Devi Mandir
|
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released coins with Maa Vaishno Devi’s image on the Head side of the coins.
|
3.
|
Bahu Fort
| |
4.
|
Raghunath Temple
|
temple are covered with gold sheet on three sides while the interiors of the temple are plated with gold
|
5.
|
Peer kho cave temple
|
it is widely believed that Ramayan character Jamvant (the bear God) meditated in this cave.
|
6.
|
Panchbakhtar Temple
|
It is one of the oldest Shivalya in the city and the Lingam in this temple is self manifested (Aap Shambu).
|
7.
|
Mahamaya Temple
| |
8.
|
Shankaracharya Temple
|
known as Takht-I-Sulaiman
|
9.
|
Hari Parbat Fort & Temple of Sharika Devi
| |
10.
|
Kheer Bhawani
| |
11.
|
Jama Masjid
|
Originally built by Sultan Sikandar in 1400 AD
|
12.
|
Hazratbal Mosque
|
only domed mosque in Srinagar
|
13.
|
Khanqah of Shah Hamadan
|
first mosque ever built in 1395Srinagar
|
14.
|
Chhatti Padshahi Gurudwara
| |
15.
|
Shalimar Bagh
|
Mughal Garden
|
16.
|
Chashme Shahi
|
one of the Mughal gardens built in 1632 ADNubra Valley, north east of Ladakh valley
|
17.
|
Thikse Monastery
|
Leh in Ladakh
|
18.
|
Shanti Stupa
|
Buddhist white-domed stupa on a hilltop in Chanspa, Leh district
|
19.
|
Magnetic Hill
|
Leh
|
20.
|
Leh Palace
|
built by King Sengge Namgyal in the 17th century
|
21.
|
St. Joseph's Catholic Church
|
It was established in 1891, by Mill Hill Missionaries, making it the oldest Catholic church in Jammu and Kashmir
|
22.
|
Martand Temple
|
dedicated to Lord Surya , the “Sun God”
|
23.
|
Amar Mahal Palace
|
built in the nineteenth century for Raja Amar Singh, a Dogra king
|
Important stadiums:
S. No.
|
Stadium
|
City
|
1.
|
Sher-i-Kashmir
|
Srinagar
|
2.
|
Bakshi
|
Srinagar
|
3.
|
Maulana Azad
|
Jammu
|
Major Airports:
S. No.
|
Name
|
City
|
1.
|
Sheikh Ul Alam International airport (Srinagar airport)
|
Srinagar
|
2.
|
Jammu airport
|
Jammu
|
3.
|
Leh Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport
|
Leh
|
4.
|
Kargil airport
| |
5.
|
Poonch airport
|
Jammu
|
6.
|
Kushok Bakula Rimpochhe Airport
|
Leh
|
Constituency of Cabinet Minister:
S. No.
|
Name of Minister
|
Constituency
|
Ministry (MoS)
|
1.
|
Dr. Jitendra Singh
|
Udhampur
|
Development of North Eastern Region (Independent Charge)
Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions
Department of Atomic Energy
Department of Space
|
HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS
1. Mohra Hydro-Electric Power Stations-
Srinagar, Sopore, Baramulla and Gulmarg towns are supplied electric power from this power station.
2. The Sind Valley Hydro-Electric Project-This project established in 1955, is near Ganderbal on the
bank of the Nullah Sind towards its east. The project is a multipurpose one. Its water is used for a
variety of purposes, like irrigation, generation of electricity, flood control, navigation, fish culture and soil preservation.
3. The Pahalgam Hydro-Electric Project-
The river Liddar is an important tributary of the Jhelum. It has been harnessed for water power at Pahalgam and helps in lighting tourists huts and running cottage industries.
4. Lower Jhelum Hydel Project (Sheri)-
This project for generating electricity has only one stage which generates 105 megawatts of electric power.
ARTICLE 370:
Article 370 embodied six special provisions for Jammu and Kashmir:
It exempted the State from the complete applicability of the Constitution of India. The State was allowed to have its own Constitution.
Central legislative powers over the State were restricted to the three subjects of defence, foreign affairs and communications.
Other constitutional provisions of the Central Government could be extended to the State only with the concurrence of the State Government.
The `concurrence' was only provisional. It had to be ratified by the State's Constituent Assembly.
The Government's authority to give `concurrence' lasted only until the State Constituent Assembly was convened. Once the State Constituent Assembly finalized the scheme of powers and dispersed, no further extension of powers was possible.
The Article 370 could be abrogated or amended only upon recommendation of the State's Constituent Assembly.
It exempted the State from the complete applicability of the Constitution of India. The State was allowed to have its own Constitution.
Central legislative powers over the State were restricted to the three subjects of defence, foreign affairs and communications.
Other constitutional provisions of the Central Government could be extended to the State only with the concurrence of the State Government.
The `concurrence' was only provisional. It had to be ratified by the State's Constituent Assembly.
The Government's authority to give `concurrence' lasted only until the State Constituent Assembly was convened. Once the State Constituent Assembly finalized the scheme of powers and dispersed, no further extension of powers was possible.
The Article 370 could be abrogated or amended only upon recommendation of the State's Constituent Assembly.
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